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TPE (n = 33)
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MPE (n = 25)
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PPE (n = 46)
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PE caused by CTDs (n = 8)
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CPPE (n = 19)
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UPPE (n = 27)
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Demographic data:
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Age, years
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48 (17–86)
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66 (42–90)
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60 (37–79)
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62 (25–88)
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57.5 (44–82)
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Male blood biomarkers:
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22 (66.7%)
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13 (52.0%)
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17 (89.47%)
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17 (62.96%)
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3 (37.5%)
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WBC, cells/μL
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5500 (2700–10,400)
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6700** (3800–16,000)
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9790** (4400–30,700)
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8260** (4000–16,100)
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6385 (3600–10,100)
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CRP, mg/L
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37.75 (3.77–135.87)
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24.22 (0.76–128.03)
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108.79** (23–208.1)
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41.4 (1.08–293.4)
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5.14** (0.32–19.28)
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S-Alb, g/dL
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33.3 (24.6–40.3)
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33.7 (23.1–44.3)
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31.8 (24.2–39.3)
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31.8 (23.7–40.8)
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34.8 (23.3–40.6)
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S-LDH, U/L
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161 (97–605)
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172 (120–302)
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169 (120–860)
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186 (108–990)
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199.5 (144–455)
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Pleural fluid biomarkers
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Total cell counts, cells/ul
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4800 (416–20,000)
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4120 (500–197,164)
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7007 (950–290,000)
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2400 (120–500,000)
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1604 (100–9885)
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pH
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7.5 (1–8.5)
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7 (5.5–8.7)
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7 (6–8.5)
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7.5 (6.5–9)
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7.55 (6.5–8.5)
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TP, g/dL
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49.2 (27.4–59.6)
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47.8 (30.9–60.6)
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45.3 (5.1–62.3)
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33.6** (15.9–58.3)
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40.05 (15.5–54.1)
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PF-Alb, g/dL
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27.1 (18.2–34.7)
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27.5 (17–34.7)
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23.4* (2.7–31.5)
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20** (1.9–43.7)
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22* (9–25.4)
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Glu, mmol/L
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4.96 (0.16–11.1)
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5.84 (2.67–11.03)
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2.95 (0.09–11.86)
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6.77** (0.25–12.78)
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6.125* (5.29–12)
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PF-LDH, U/L
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532 (144–1783)
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377 (150–2078)
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1607** (731–10,613)
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277** (68–1169)
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136.5** (62–354)
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ADA, U/L
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48 (20.6–81.5)
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8.9** (5.1–25.4)
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32.9 (12–115.4)
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8.9** (1.4–19.5)
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11.2** (1.2–22.4)
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Ratios between two biomarkers: only the parameters with P value < 0.01 between any two groups are included
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WBC/CRP
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123.82 (26.5–1298.1)
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307.89 (87.62–8026.32)
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112.63 (53.34–363.91)
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202.81 (27.88–4259.26)
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1206.23 (254.15–24,062.50)
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WBC/TP
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113.38 (77.09–204.38)
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146.63 (94.13–393.12)
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217.62 (132.13–5039.22)
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257.86** (88.80–763.44)
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135.21 (93.26–651.61)
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WBC/PF-Alb
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201.33 (118.77–352.54)
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255.73 (155.20–804.02)
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509.32** (221.11–9518.52)
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400.00** (169.12–3789.47)
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304.03 (145.16–1122.22)
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WBC/Glu
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1138.06 (444.44–17,837.84)
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1244.90 (536.91–5914.29)
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3627.12 (758.85–122,280.95)
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1293.63 (328.64–28,800)
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861.09 (573.25–1909.26)
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WBC/PF-LDH
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11.02 (1.51–38.19)
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20.27 (2.94–85.33)
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6.15** (1.92–13.12)
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37.56** (6.95–135.29)
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42.43 (17.51–124.19)
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WBC/ADA
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119.80 (41.1–271.84)
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648.94 ** (194.87–2509.80)
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325.23 (140.81–744.93)
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957.27** (369.23–4272.72)
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473.78 (264.79–8416.67)
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CRP/TP
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0.83 (0.08–2.91)
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0.55 (0.02–3.15)
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2.44 (0.37–34.95)
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1.20 (0.02–10.92)
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0.17 (0.01–0.0.44)
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CRP/PF-Alb
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1.47 (0.15–6.97)
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0.89 (0.03–6.43)
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4.72** (0.73–66.02)
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2.22 (0.04–55.97)
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0.32 (0.01–0.79)
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CRP/ADA
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0.89 (0.14–3.94)
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1.97 (0.08–16.06)
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3.75 (0.55–10.73)
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6.85 (0.09–105.04)
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0.58 (0.11–2.40)
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CRP/Glu
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9.55 (0.69–179.08)
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4.21 (0.10–45.73)
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38.7 (6.54–891.44)
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5.50 (0.13–425.40)
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0.86** (0.03–3.42)
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TP/PF-Alb
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1.8 (1.01–2.39)
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1.74 (1.42–2.76)
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1.89 (1.63–2.54)
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1.71 (0.55–8.89)
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1.83 (1.36–2.63)
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TP/Glu
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9.61 (4.52–212.5)
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7.81 (3.91–15.58)
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14.96 (3.95–412.22)
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5.05** (1.52–67.6)
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6.31 (2.44–9.08)
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TP/ADA
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0.98 (0.52–2.42)
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5.24 (1.60–9.37)
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1.20 (0.15–3.34)
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4.28** (1.2–11.36)
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3.94 (2.28–12.92)
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PF-Alb/Glu
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5.69 (2.38–113.75)
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4.27 (1.94–10.94)
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6.51 (2.08–162.22)
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2.59** (1.03–8.71)
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3.47** (1.7–4.31)
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PF-Alb/ADA
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0.56 (0.28–1.29)
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2.77 (0.78–5.29)
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1.20 (0.15–3.34)
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2.43** (0.19–8)
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2.22** (0.92–7.5)
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PF-LDH/TP
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11.43 (2.67–52.44)
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7.45 (3.14–49.95)
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6.51 (2.08–162.22)
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6.60 (3.21–61.3)
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3.314 (1.97–9.35)
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PF-LDH/CRP
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15.66 (2.79–159.42)
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12.88 (1.95–1109.71)
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17.15 (4.48–117.26)
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8.69 (0.62–198.15)
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36.36 (8.09–193.75)
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PF-LDH/PF-Alb
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17.74 (4.43–97.97)
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12.63 (5.45–80.80)
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72.92** (27.17–1245.56)
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10.37 (5.95–545.26)
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6.07* (2.87–17.18)
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PF-LDH/Glu
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106.02 (21.98–11,143.75)
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54.25 (18.46–778.28)
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767.32 (75.89–36,596.55)
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35.62 (8.69–4144.00)
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23.67 (5.17–59.4)
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PF-LDH/ADA
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12.27 (4.48–29.34)
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38.23 (8.31–183.89)
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62.97 (29.87–133.92)
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32.92** (12.14–101.57)
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14.00 (7.43–120.83)
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ADA/Glu
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9.58 (2.69–410.63)
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1.29 (0.70–9.07)
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12.12 (1.72–397.93)
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1.25** (0.21–40.8)
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1.59** (0.23–3.76)
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- Continuous variables are presented as the median (range), and qualitative variables are presented as the number (percentage). For the ratios between two biomarkers, only the parameters with P value < 0.01 between any two groups are included
- TPE tuberculous pleural effusion, MPE malignant pleural effusion, CPPE complicated parapneumonic effusion, UPPE uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion, CTDs connective tissue diseases. Blood parameters: CRP C-reactive protein, S-Alb serum albumin, S-LDH serum lactate dehydrogenase, WBC white blood cells. Pleural fluid parameters: ADA adenosine deaminase, Glu glucose, PF-Alb pleural fluid albumin, PF-LDH pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase, TP total protein
- *This parameter showed a significant difference between the investigated and TPE groups, P < 0.01
- **P < 0.001
