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Exposure
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Outcome: Annual lung function change
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∆ FEV1 (%-predicted/year)
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∆ FVC (%-predicted/year)
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Log transformed HOMA-IR
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Beta (95% CI, P)
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Beta (95% CI, P))
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Per one unit increase (n = 4827)
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− 0.23 (− 0.36 to − 0.11, < 0.001)
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− 0.20 (− 0.33 to − 0.08, 0.001)
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HOMA-IR quartile
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Lowest quartile (Q1) of ∆ FEV1: < − 1.73%-predicted/year
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P-trend
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Lowest quartile (Q1) of ∆ FVC: < − 1.90%-predicted/year
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P-trend
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Adjusted OR (95% CI, P)
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Adjusted OR (95% CI, P)
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1Q: < 1.05 (n = 1218)
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1 (reference)
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< 0.001
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1 (reference)
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< 0.001
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2Q: 1.05–1.44 (n = 1211)
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1.14 (0.94–1.39, 0.191)
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1.15 (0.94–1.41, 0.162)
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3Q: 1.45–2.02 (n = 1191)
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1.22 (1.00–1.48, 0.055)
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1.30 (1.06–1.59, 0.012)
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4Q: ≥ 2.03 (n = 1207)
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1.34 (1.09–1.66, 0.006)
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1.38 (1.11–1.71, 0.004)
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- The rapid decline in lung function was defined in two aspects, which were the first quartile of FEV1%-predicted and FVC %-predicted, respectively. ORs were adjusted for age, sex, college graduate, high income, smoking status, active physical activity, and annual averaged values of BMI, systolic and diastolic BP, waist circumference, fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, eGFR, WBC count, hemoglobin, and CRP level. P-trend for HOMA-IR quartile was analyzed by Cochran-Armitage test for trend
