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Infectious, Rare and Idiopathic Pulmonary Diseases

This section concerns all aspects of pulmonary infection, rare and idiopathic lung diseases including, but not limited to: prevention, diagnosis and management, as well as related molecular genetics, and pathophysiology.

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  1. Chronic cough is characterized by cough as the only or main symptom, with a duration of more than 8 weeks and no obvious abnormality in chest X-ray examination. Its etiology is complex, including respiratory d...

    Authors: Jiaofei Cao, Yue Hu, Shaojun Jin, Fei Chen, Li Li and Huaqiong Huang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:290

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  3. There are various reasons for delayed positive nasopharyngeal PCR tests for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) in not only asymptomatic but also severely diseased patients. The pathophysiological attributes ar...

    Authors: Lei Zhang, Syam P. Vunnamadala, Shigeo Yagi, Riffat Meraj and Michele Carbone

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:278

    Content type: Case report

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  4. Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy is a safe technique increasingly used in the study of lung diseases. Until now, only a case of pneumatocele was described but this interesting condition is probably underestimate...

    Authors: Roberto Piro, Sofia Taddei, Matteo Fontana, Chiara Scelfo, Eleonora Casalini and Nicola Facciolongo

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:274

    Content type: Case report

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  5. Kartagener syndrome is a subtype of primary ciliary dyskinesia that may exhibit various symptoms including neonatal respiratory distress and frequent infections of the lung, sinus and middle ear because of the...

    Authors: Lina Wang, Xin Zhao, Hang Liang, Li Zhang, Chunyan Li, Deli Li, Xiangfeng Meng, Fanzheng Meng and Mao Gao

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:263

    Content type: Case report

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  6. Functional Respiratory Imaging (FRI) combines HRCT scans with computational fluid dynamics to provide objective and quantitative information about lung structure and function. FRI has proven its value in pulmo...

    Authors: Eline Lauwers, Annemiek Snoeckx, Kris Ides, Kim Van Hoorenbeeck, Maarten Lanclus, Wilfried De Backer, Jan De Backer and Stijn Verhulst

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:256

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Aspiration pneumonitis is an inflammatory disease of the lungs which is difficult to diagnose accurately. Large-volume aspiration of oropharyngeal or gastric contents is essential for the development of aspira...

    Authors: Jiayu Cao, Wei Liu, Li Wang, Yujuan Yang, Yu Zhang and Xicheng Song

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:254

    Content type: Case report

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  8. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare disease, and the presence of pulmonary hypertension can be a determining factor in prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis, profile, and prognosis of s...

    Authors: Verônica Silva Vilela, Marcio Macri Dias, Ângelo Antunes Salgado, Bruno Rangel Antunes da Silva, Agnaldo José Lopes, Elizabeth Jauhar Cardoso Bessa, Leonardo Palermo Bruno, Cláudia Henrique da Costa, Roger Abramino Levy and Rogério Rufino

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:251

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) has been detected in respiratory samples from patients. However, no previous reports have been published about these P. fluorescens cultures from lung tissues.

    Authors: Xiao Liu, Lei Xiang, Yunhong Yin, Hao Li, Dedong Ma and Yiqing Qu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:212

    Content type: Case report

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  10. In adults with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP), contralateral recurrence occurs in about 25–28% when there are asymptomatic blebs. How to treat contralateral recurrence of PSP in pediatric populations r...

    Authors: Chieh-Ni Kao, Shah-Hwa Chou, Ming-Ju Tsai, Po-Chih Chang and Yu-Wei Liu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:210

    Content type: Research article

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  11. The leprosy-tuberculosis (TB) co-infection is rarely reported in recent times. However, this dual comorbidity is associated with high mortality and major morbidity. Unrecognised leprosy-TB co-infection may pre...

    Authors: Josiah T. Masuka, Zamambo Mkhize, Somasundram Pillay and Anisa Mosam

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:207

    Content type: Case report

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  12. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a disease characterized by arteriovenous malformations in the skin and mucous membranes. We enrolled a large pedigree comprising 32 living members, and screened f...

    Authors: Yu Xu, Yong-Biao Zhang, Li-Jun Liang, Jia-Li Tian, Jin-Ming Lin, Pan-Pan Wang, Rong-Hui Li, Ming-Liang Gu and Zhan-Cheng Gao

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:197

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) patients usually have elevated D-dimer levels. The diagnostic performance of D-dimer in predicting pulmonary embolism (PE) in the TPE population is unclear. This study aimed ...

    Authors: Xiaoming Li, Yajing Qin, Wenjing Ye, Xi Chen, Dezhi Sun, Xuejun Guo and Wen Gu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:177

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Life-threatening hemoptysis presents an immediate diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, especially during the perinatal period.

    Authors: Yujun Li, Yuyao Wang, Zhike Liang, Chuzhi Pan, Xiaomei Huang, Zexun Mo, Guodong Chen, Dongliang Zhu, Ziwen Zhao and Shuquan Wei

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:171

    Content type: Case report

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  17. Several studies demonstrate that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the process of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Tauroursodeoxycholi...

    Authors: Bin Tong, Lin Fu, Biao Hu, Zhi-Cheng Zhang, Zhu-Xia Tan, Se-Ruo Li, Yuan-Hua Chen, Cheng Zhang, Hua Wang, De-Xiang Xu and Hui Zhao

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:149

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Mucorales is a highly lethal invasive fungal infection usually found in immunocompromised patients. Isolated pulmonary mucormycosis in immunocompetent patients is very rare. He...

    Authors: Jianhan He, Gaohong Sheng, Huihui Yue, Fengqin Zhang and Hui-Lan Zhang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:138

    Content type: Case report

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  19. The extend of lung disease remains the most important prognostic factor for survival in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and lack of adherence is the main reason for treatment failure. Early detection of de...

    Authors: Stephanie Thee, Mirjam Stahl, Rainald Fischer, Sivagurunathan Sutharsan, Manfred Ballmann, Axel Müller, Daniel Lorenz, Dominika Urbanski-Rini, Franziska Püschner, Volker Eric Amelung, Carola Fuchs and Marcus Alexander Mall

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:131

    Content type: Study protocol

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  20. Although combination therapy is the gold standard for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), some of these patients are still being treated with monotherapy.

    Authors: Beate Stubbe, Hans-Jürgen Seyfarth, Janina Kleymann, Michael Halank, Hussam Al Ghorani, Anne Obst, Susanna Desole, Ralf Ewert and Christian F. Opitz

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:130

    Content type: Research article

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  21. At present, there is no generally accepted comprehensive prognostic risk prediction model for medically treated chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients.

    Authors: Ruilin Quan, Yuanhua Yang, Zhenwen Yang, Hongyan Tian, Shengqing Li, Jieyan Shen, Yingqun Ji, Gangcheng Zhang, Caojin Zhang, Guangyi Wang, Yuhao Liu, Zhaozhong Cheng, Zaixin Yu, Zhiyuan Song, Zeqi Zheng, Wei Cui…

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:128

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyema represent advanced stages of pleural infections and are characterized by a high mortality. Medical thoracoscopy is a safe and minimally invasive endoscopic techn...

    Authors: Michele Mondoni, Laura Saderi, Federica Trogu, Silvia Terraneo, Paolo Carlucci, Filippo Ghelma, Stefano Centanni and Giovanni Sotgiu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:127

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is a rare condition characterized by dyspnoea (platypnea) and arterial desaturation in the upright position resolved in the supine position (orthodeoxia). Intracardiac shun...

    Authors: Charlotte Vanhomwegen, Olivier Taton, Nicolas Selvais, Olivier Vanhove and Dimitri Leduc

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:126

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  24. Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) as a treatment for superficial bladder cancer rarely causes pulmonary complications. While published cases have been pathologically characterized by ...

    Authors: Mariko Itai, Mari Yamasue, Shuichi Takikawa, Kosaku Komiya, Yukiko Takeno, Yuriko Igarashi, Yasushi Takeshita, Kazufumi Hiramatsu, Satoshi Mitarai and Jun-ichi Kadota

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:115

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  25. While sleep disruption is a common complaint among children with cystic fibrosis (CF), only a few studies have investigated insomnia in adults. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with ins...

    Authors: Pauline Mulette, Bruno Ravoninjatovo, Camille Guguen, Coralie Barbe, Julien Ancel, Sandra Dury, Antoine Dumazet, Dominique Perdu, Jeanne-Marie Perotin, Thomas Guillard, François Lebargy, Gaëtan Deslee and Claire Launois

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:108

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Gender-related factors might affect vulnerability to Covid-19. The aim of this study was to describe the role of gender on clinical features and 28-day mortality in Covid-19 patients.

    Authors: Federico Raimondi, Luca Novelli, Arianna Ghirardi, Filippo Maria Russo, Dario Pellegrini, Roberta Biza, Roberta Trapasso, Lisa Giuliani, Marisa Anelli, Mariangela Amoroso, Chiara Allegri, Gianluca Imeri, Claudia Sanfilippo, Sofia Comandini, England Hila, Leonardo Manesso…

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:96

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of natural killer cells (CLPD-NK) is an extremely rare haematological disease. To the best of our knowledge, pulmonary infiltration in CLPD-NK has not been reported before....

    Authors: Jinjing Zhang, Pingping Wang and Xiaojing Yan

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:94

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  30. Cryptococcus is one of the major fungal pathogens infecting the lungs. Pulmonary cryptococcal infection is generally considered a community-acquired condition caused by inhalation of dust contaminated with funga...

    Authors: Wei-Gang Pan, Bao-Chung Chen, Yao-Feng Li, Rui-Xin Wu and Ching-Hsun Wang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:76

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  31. Scarring central airway stenosis (SCAS) is a potentially life-threatening condition with debilitating symptoms. Interventional bronchoscopy is increasingly used to relieve symptoms in patients with SCAS, but r...

    Authors: Kunyan Sun, Hong Zhang, Wei Zhang, Yuan Cheng and Guangfa Wang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:73

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. The most important target cell of SARS-CoV-2 is Type II pneumocyte which produces and secretes pulmonary surfactant (PS) that prevents alveolar collapse. PS instillation therapy is dramatically effective for i...

    Authors: Hiroko Kitaoka, Hisato Kobayashi, Takayuki Takimoto and Takashi Kijima

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:62

    Content type: Technical advance

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  33. Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by antibodies directed against an aminoacycl transfer RNA synthetase (ARS) along with a group of clinical features including the ...

    Authors: Xi Zhan, Wei Yan, Ying Wang, Qing Li, Xuhua Shi, Yanli Gao and Qiao Ye

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:57

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Malnutrition and altered body composition are well-documented in chronic pulmonary diseases; however, investigation of nutritional status in interstitial lung disease (ILD) is limited. This study aimed to desc...

    Authors: Alisar A. Kanjrawi, Lara Mathers, Susanne Webster, Tamera J. Corte and Sharon Carey

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:51

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) have progressive and disabling symptoms, as well as a burden of treatments and a difficult clinical evaluation that make health-related quality of life a particularly ...

    Authors: Miguel Ángel Amor-García, Sara Ibáñez-García, Xandra García-González, Teresa Mombiela, Cristina Villanueva-Bueno, Ana Herranz-Alonso and María Sanjurjo-Sáez

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:48

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nocosomial infection in intensive care unit (ICU). Local microbiological surveillance of pathogens and resistance patterns for early-onset VAP (EOVAP) and late...

    Authors: Pavarit Arayasukawat, Apichart So-ngern, Wipa Reechaipichitkul, Worawat Chumpangern, Itthiphat Arunsurat, Pailin Ratanawatkul and Wanna Chuennok

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:47

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Whipple’s disease is a chronic infectious disease caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Tropheryma whipplei (TW), which not only affects the gastrointestinal tract and causes malabsorption of nutrients, but sever...

    Authors: Wei Li, Qun Zhang, Yanling Xu, Xiyue Zhang, Qian Huang and Zhenzhong Su

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:29

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  39. Since there was no previous report, we analyzed the relationship between French Risk Stratification parameters in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and mean pulmonary arterial pressures (mPAP) using Japan ...

    Authors: Yuichi Tamura, Hiraku Kumamaru, Kohtaro Abe, Toru Satoh, Hiroaki Miyata, Aiko Ogawa, Nobuhiro Tanabe, Masaru Hatano, Atsushi Yao, Ichizo Tsujino, Keiichi Fukuda, Hiroshi Kimura, Masataka Kuwana, Hiromi Matsubara and Koichiro Tatsumi

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:28

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Pulmonary radiological findings of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been well documented and range from scattered ground-glass infiltrates in milder cases to confluent ground-glass change, de...

    Authors: Zaid Zoumot, Maria-Fernanda Bonilla, Ali S. Wahla, Irfan Shafiq, Mateen Uzbeck, Rania M. El-Lababidi, Fadi Hamed, Mohamed Abuzakouk and Mahmoud ElKaissi

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:24

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) is an uncommon immune-mediated entity characterized by myositis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), non-erosive arthritis, and less common features such as fever, Raynaud’s phenome...

    Authors: Nasam Alfraji, Usman Mazahir, Moiuz Chaudhri and Jeffrey Miskoff

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:11

    Content type: Case report

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  42. Bronchopleural fistula is a rare but life-threatening event with limited therapeutic options. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of the modified silicone stent in patients with post-surgical bronc...

    Authors: Junli Zeng, Xuemei Wu, Zhide Chen, Meihua Zhang and Mingyao Ke

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:10

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Some patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) develop pneumothorax. However, the characteristics of pneumothorax in patients with IPF have not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to clarify...

    Authors: Ryo Yamazaki, Osamu Nishiyama, Kyuya Gose, Sho Saeki, Hiroyuki Sano, Takashi Iwanaga and Yuji Tohda

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:5

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. Congenital bronchial atresia is a rare pulmonary abnormality characterized by the disrupted communication between the central and the peripheral bronchus and is typically asymptomatic. Although it can be sympt...

    Authors: Gaku Kuwabara, Risa Sone, Waki Imoto, Kazushi Yamairi, Wataru Shibata, Kazuhiro Oshima, Koichi Yamada, Kazuhiro Yamada, Tetsuya Watanabe, Kazuhisa Asai, Hiroaki Komatsu, Nobuhiro Izumi, Noritoshi Nishiyama, Tomoya Kawaguchi and Hiroshi Kakeya

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:2

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  45. During the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), lockdown periods have changed the way that people and communities live, work and interact.

    Authors: Daniela Savi, Giada Valente, Alessandra Iacovelli, Federica Olmati, Mario Bezzi and Paolo Palange

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:325

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  46. Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), a diverse group of diffuse lung diseases, mainly affect the lung parenchyma. The low-throughput ‘omics’ technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics) and relative drug...

    Authors: Yupeng Li, Gangao Wu, Yu Shang, Yue Qi, Xue Wang, Shangwei Ning and Hong Chen

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:323

    Content type: Database

    Published on:

  47. The purpose of our study was to assess the frequency of occult foreign body aspiration (FBA) and to evaluate the diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic methods for these patients.

    Authors: Bo Liu, Fengxia Ding, Yong An, Yonggang Li, Zhengxia Pan, Gang Wang, Jiangtao Dai, Hongbo Li and Chun Wu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:320

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. The COVID-19 pandemic is having profound psychological impacts on populations globally, with increasing levels of stress, anxiety, and depression being reported, especially in people with pre-existing medical ...

    Authors: Keir E. J. Philip, Bradley Lonergan, Andrew Cumella, Joe Farrington-Douglas, Michael Laffan and Nicholas S. Hopkinson

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:319

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Subclinical tuberculosis (TB) is a potential target for public health intervention because its early identification may reduce TB transmission. We aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory findings of subc...

    Authors: Jinsoo Min, Chaeuk Chung, Sung Soo Jung, Hye Kyeong Park, Sung-Soon Lee and Ki Man Lee

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:316

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Some patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) showed a progressive course despite therapy. This study aimed to evaluate whether serial changes in the serum levels of surfactant prot...

    Authors: Jingxian Wang, Peiyan Zheng, Zhifeng Huang, Huimin Huang, Mingshan Xue, Chenxi Liao, Baoqing Sun and Nanshan Zhong

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:315

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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